Congenital Glaucoma
What Is Congenital Glaucoma?
Congenital glaucoma is typically diagnosed within the first year of life. It results from abnormal development of the eye’s drainage structures (trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal), preventing proper outflow of aqueous humor (the eye’s natural fluid). As pressure builds within the eye, it can enlarge the eyeball, cloud the cornea, and damage the optic nerve.
Congenital glaucoma can be:
- Primary – Occurring on its own due to genetic or developmental abnormalities
- Secondary – Caused by other conditions, such as eye trauma, cataracts, or syndromes like Sturge-Weber
Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for protecting your child’s vision and development.
Signs and Symptoms in Children
Congenital glaucoma can be difficult to detect in very young children. However, the following symptoms often indicate elevated eye pressure:
- Excessive tearing not related to crying
- Light sensitivity (photophobia)
- Cloudy or enlarged cornea
- Eye redness
- Enlarged eyes (buphthalmos)
- Frequent blinking or squinting
- Poor visual tracking
- Irritability or frequent rubbing of the eyes
If you notice any of these signs in your infant or toddler, contact our Austin-area glaucoma clinic immediately for a comprehensive pediatric evaluation.
How We Diagnose Pediatric Glaucoma
Diagnosing glaucoma in young children requires both expertise and specialized tools. At Westlake Eye Specialists, Dr. Vendal and our team use gentle, pediatric-appropriate equipment to perform:
- Tonometry – Measures intraocular pressure (non-invasive)
- Ophthalmoscopy – Examines the optic nerve for signs of damage
- Gonioscopy – Evaluates the structure of the eye’s drainage angle
- Ultrasound or imaging (if needed) – For internal eye structures
- Visual function tests – Adapted for age and developmental level
If your child is very young, we may perform these exams under anesthesia in a safe, monitored setting.
Congenital Glaucoma Treatment Options
The primary goal of treatment is to reduce eye pressure to prevent damage to the optic nerve and allow for healthy vision development.
Surgical Treatment – First Line for Infants
Unlike adult glaucoma, pediatric cases often require surgery rather than medication as the first step.
The most common surgeries include:
- Goniotomy – A micro-incision is made in the trabecular meshwork to improve drainage
- Trabeculotomy – Similar to goniotomy but may use an external approach
- Combined procedures – Used for more complex or advanced cases
- Tube shunt implantation – In severe or unresponsive cases, a tiny device may be placed to assist drainage
All surgeries are performed with precision, using minimally invasive techniques and child-focused anesthesia and care protocols.
Medical Therapy – Supportive Option
Eye drops or oral medications may be used as short-term solutions to reduce pressure before or after surgery.
Long-Term Follow-Up and Vision Support
Children with congenital glaucoma need lifelong follow-up care to monitor eye pressure, visual development, and any recurrence. Dr. Vendal works closely with pediatric ophthalmologists, optometrists, and developmental specialists to provide:
- Ongoing pressure monitoring
- Visual acuity assessments
- Prescription eyewear, if needed
- Strabismus (eye alignment) evaluations
- Counseling and parental support
Our mission is not only to treat the disease—but to support the whole child and their family throughout the journey.
Why Choose Westlake Eye Specialists for Pediatric Glaucoma?
- Compassionate Pediatric Expertise
Your child will be treated by a team with experience in pediatric care and access to advanced glaucoma treatment techniques. - Harvard-Trained Glaucoma Specialist
Dr. Zarmeena Vendal, MD is one of the region’s most respected experts in glaucoma care, known for precision, patience, and empathy. - State-of-the-Art Facilities
We offer advanced imaging, in-office diagnostics, and surgical referrals when needed. - Convenient Locations Across Central Texas
Serving families in Austin, Kyle, Killeen, and New Braunfels. - Family-Centered Care
We educate, guide, and support you at every step, creating a warm, trusting environment for your child’s care.
Schedule a Pediatric Glaucoma Consultation
If your child is showing signs of congenital glaucoma or has been referred for evaluation, we’re here to help. Early detection is critical—and we’ll ensure you never face it alone.
Call today or book online with Dr. Zarmeena Vendal, your trusted Austin pediatric glaucoma specialist, proudly serving families in Kyle, Killeen, and New Braunfels.
